The achiever of the polyphony strand at last year's festival had many assuming that the initialise would be repeated. Instead the programing has gone off on a somewhat different stable gear. This year's early evening series, once again in Greyfriars Kirk, presents five concerts of traditional music from across Europe and the Middle East, and ties in with the festival theme of the European frontier.
Among the programmes of euphony from the Ottoman courtyard, liturgical music from the eastern churches and Corsican songs, this concert from vocal ensembles Dialogos and Sequentia was probably the most familiar for the Edinburgh audience. The subject of Chant Wars was the efforts made by the emperor butterfly Charlemagne and his successors to standardise the musical practices of the European church - an aspiration driven as much by the desire to consolidate the empire as to ensure the purity of liturgical chant.
Any programme made possible by research grants from Harvard University sounds impossibly dry, but the concert was presented as a performance rather than an academic exercise. For those in the audience who weren't experts in the liturgical music of the early middle ages, the differences between Old Roman, Galician and Frankonian chant were more than a slight vague. But there was enough audible variety in the programme to preclude it from becoming repetitive.
Given the dearth of surviving sources for this repertoire and the embryonic nature of musical notation during the geological period, reconstructions of this music are more than hypothesis than solid fact. But the husband-and-wife team responsible, Katarina Livljanic and Benjamin Bagby, have managed a enchanting reimagining of the music of the era. The fluidity of Bagby's bardic improvisation - familiar to anyone wHO saw his Beowulf at last year's festival - is peculiarly effective in conjuring up a sense of how this music might once have sounded.
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Dick Martin, one half of the comedy team of Rowan and Martin, who hosted the seminal Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In in the 1960s, died Saturday of respiratory complications in Santa Monica, CA at age 86. His comedic partner, Dan Rowan, died in 1987. Laugh-In's appeal was its irreverence. It famously persuaded Richard Nixon, then making a presidential bid, to deliver its signature line, "Sock it to me." In its obituary, the New York Times quoted Martin as once saying that the audience wants "to see sacred cows kicked over" and that the show contrived sketches involving celebrities just to be "irreverent and silly." He noted that other variety shows might pay the arch singer Robert Goulet $10,000 to sing three songs. "We hire Robert Goulet, pay him $210 and drop him through a trap door."